Cardiovascular Studies
A 2013 meta-analysis published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that L-carnitine is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias, and a 40% reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction:
- https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/s0025-6196(13)00127-4/fulltext
A review in PMC discusses L-carnitine’s role in cardiovascular health, including ongoing trials like “Effect of L-carnitine on Biomarkers of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury in Patients With STEMI”:
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11427024/
Hemodialysis and Kidney Disease Studies
A multicenter trial found that L-carnitine injection at 20 mg/kg results in significant increases in blood carnitine levels in hemodialysis patients:
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253815570348
A study on switching from oral to IV L-carnitine (1000 mg) showed decreased serum free fatty acids and increased HDL-cholesterol levels after 1 and 4 weeks respectively:
- https://academic.oup.com/ckj/article/7/5/470/317827
A randomized controlled trial found that L-carnitine injections (1000 mg 3x/week) helped maintain muscle mass and grip strength in hemodialysis patients:
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30353121/
A 2022 Cochrane review on carnitine supplements for dialysis patients found that L-carnitine may improve anemia-related markers (hemoglobin and hematocrit values):
- https://www.cochrane.org/CD013601/RENAL_carnitine-supplements-people-chronic-kidney-disease-requiring-dialysis
Male Fertility Studies
A meta-analysis in PMC showed that carnitines significantly improve total sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and sperm morphology:
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8812460/
A placebo-controlled trial published in Fertility & Sterility found that combined L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine improved forward sperm motility and velocity:
- https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(05)01230-6/fulltext
A double-blind crossover trial showed L-carnitine therapy (2 g/day) was effective in increasing semen quality, especially in groups with lower baseline levels:
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028202046794
Heart Failure Studies
A meta-analysis of 17 RCTs found that L-carnitine treatment in chronic heart failure patients may improve clinical symptoms and cardiac function and decrease serum levels of BNP and NT-proBNP:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5406747/
The Linus Pauling Institute reports that oral L-carnitine (1.5-6 g/day for 7 days to 3 years) significantly improved exercise tolerance and left ventricular function markers in heart failure patients:
- https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/L-carnitine
Lipid Metabolism Studies
A 2023 umbrella meta-analysis found that L-carnitine supplementation significantly decreased TC, TG, and LDL-C while improving HDL-C levels:
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1214734/full
These studies demonstrate that L-carnitine injections are particularly beneficial in clinical settings where rapid correction of deficiency is needed or when oral absorption may be impaired, such as in hemodialysis patients. The injectable form typically uses doses of 1000 mg per administration or 20 mg/kg body weight, administered after dialysis sessions or as clinically indicated.
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